The course will focus on the molecular pathology of the primary solid tumors in oncology, with a special emphasis on topics relevant to the field of Medical Biotechnology. Throughout the course, self-assessment activities will be provided, along with supplementary materials for further study and group presentations on topics of particular interest.

Overview on hallmarks of aging and in-depth study of the following topics: 1) the main molecular pathways involved in genomic stability, proteostasis and oxidative stress; 2) the role of senescence in aging and age-associated diseases; 3) the metabolic pathways involved in energy homeostasis; 4) the biomarkers of biological aging; 5) the main metabolic alterations associated with accelerated aging.

This course provides an overview of the current knowledge in pharmacogenetics.

The aims of the course are as follows: 1. To know the biology of hematopoietic stem cell and of hemopoiesis 2. To know the sources of hematopoietic stem cells, the biology of stem cell mobilization, and the procedures of processing hematopoietic stem cells 3. To know the physiology of autologous, allogeneic and cord blood stem cell transplantation 4. To know the pathogenesis of graft versus host disease 5. To know the biotechnological procedures applied to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HLA typing, monitoring of engraftment and hematopoietic reconstitution, terapeutic manipulation and engineering of the graft)

Basic knowledge of immune system activation and mechanisms of tissue injury in native and transplanted kidneys. Basic aspects of bio/hemocompatibility during hemodialysis for acute and chronic kidney diseases.

The course describes different types of graft and graft rejection and their immunological mechanisms HLA typing and treatments are also briefly treated

Basic course on the biocompatibility of materials for biomedical use

The course focuses on the opportunities that biotechnologies offer for biomedical applications. The course focuses on the properties and potential applications of materials to the nano dimension in medicine.

Synthetic biology is an emerging field that spans the boundary of biology, engineering, and physical sciences with its goal of engineering biomolecular systems and cellular capabilities for a variety of applications. This course aims to offer an introduction to this rapidly evolving field and equip students with foundational skills and critical mindsets that are required for synthetic biology research. Advanced molecular biology tools for DNA assembly, the construction of biological pathways and circuits, genome editing, and strategies for transcriptional control will be examined in the course.

The course will be held both in class and in the laboratory. The course includes the study and application of the most advanced proteomics and metabolomics techniques employed in biomedical and biotechnological fields. Skills on methodologies and tools used in chemical and biological laboratories, for solving biomedical and biotechnological problems will be provided. The potential and weaknesses of the various methods will be illustrated through examples on complex biological matrices. The latest technological developments will be also treated. Several proteomics and metabolomics experiment will be prepared, including mass spectrometry analysis, data elaboration and bioinformatics.

The course is focused on a comprehensive overview of the clinical utility of multi-omics in tumor classifications, prognostications, diagnostics, and the role of data integration in the search for novel biomarkers and therapeutic opportunities. Extensive analysis of the currently used classificators will be detailed.

Basic knowledge of potential Omics application in different fields of nephrology, dialysis and kidney transplantation. Evaluation of Omics technology for biomarker discovery in body fluids mainly focus on urine (liquid biopsy).

The course will deal with the omics approach, with a particular focus on genomics, applied to representative models of haematological neoplasms, especially by analysing the topics relevant for the profession of Medical Biotechnologist. During the course, self-evaluation exercises will also be proposed, as well as additional material for in-depth study and group presentations on topics of particular interest.

The course describes different technologies and systems analysing, at a single cell level, cellular complexity to understand the molecular architecture and functionality of the cell system.

- use of the basic statistics measures of association; - study designs for the establishment of a causal link; - study designs for the evaluation of effects of interventions; - main bias of scientific research; - synthesis of scientific literature, from systematic reviews to guidelines and clinical pathwaysa; - main databases of scientific literature, and systematic reviews; - critical appraisal of a scientific paper.

The course consists in a first part with topics related to descriptive statistics and in a second part that will concern the inferential statistics.

The course is designed to provide students with an oppurtunity to improve their knowledge of the conventions of academic and scientific English. The syllabus aims to cover some of the areas of scientific communication that students should master in order to successfully promote their research and write their thesis. Students will also get a chance to improve their academic English vocabulary and grammar.

The main contents of the course are the description of biological and molecular mechanisms, and of the role of biotechnologies in the diagnostic-therapeutic phase of the main endocrinological and metabolic diseases. Emerging biotechnological aspects of innovative drugs used in endocrinology and metabolism will also be described.

the course focuses on: 1) genesis of animal and human fertility 2) etiology of infertility 3) infertility therapy 4) role of the art laboratory

The general content of the course is the interplay between viruses and their host organisms

The course will deal with some of the main topics in Internal Medicine, particularly focusing on those with the highest applicability of medical biotechnologies

The course will investigate state-of-the-art applications of the biotechnology field to medicine will a focus on drug development. This course will provide students with a background in modern biotechnology techniques for work in the biotechnology field or further graduate studies.

The course integrates Pharmacology with Biotechnological applications. It will focus mainly on the rational bases for the development of target therapies. The course will also analyze relevant molecular and diagnostic properties useful for the preclinical development of new biotech drugs.

Please see what is described for each course

The course will investigate state-of-the-art applications of the biotechnology field to medicine will a focus on drug development. This course will provide students with a background in modern biotechnology techniques for work in the biotechnology field or further graduate studies.

The course aims to give students useful elements to understand the use of omics in forensic sciences. At the same time, the teaching also deals with medico-legal, legal and ethical issues such as informed consent, professional secrecy in Italian, European, and extra-European context.

The course will provide an introduction to examples, concepts and instruments at the foundation of Big Data Analysis for bioinformatics and genomics, in the framework of human health and cancer in particular. Students will gain an introduction to the theory and practice of genomic and protein sequence databases along with tools for retrieving and interpreting functional and annotation data for the human genome. Basic knowledge on new generation sequencing and related bioinformatics data analysis tools will be introduced, focusing on transcriptomes and cancer genomics. Basics of the statistical language R will be discussed. In the final part, an introduction to the concepts of complex systems, network theory and system biology will be considered also through the discussion of research articles.

Study of monogenic and multifactorial diseases. Analysis of genomic rearrangements and applications of sequencing techniques. Multi-Omics Analysis of the Human Genome. Transcriptomics Genomics and Methyloma study. The usefulness of Genomics in precision medicine

The course provides students with knowledge on the structure and function of microbial communities and in particular on the human gut microbiota. The main methodologies used in the study and analysis of the microbiota will be described

The general content of the course is the interplay between viruses and their host organisms

Functional human anatomy classes

- Explanation of stem cell types and localization - Description of methods for stem cell isolation, growth and maintenance in culture - Introduction to stem cell-based therapy in preclinical and clinical settings

In-depth description of the biological and genetic basic principles of mechanobiology and mechanotransduction for applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering

Overview of the basic immune mechanisms involved in tissue repair and regeneration approaches based on biomaterials and drug delivery systems the next generation of regenerative therapies

The course is aimed at providing essential information on the science of biomaterials and devices for tissue regeneration and regenerative medicine. The course includes notions of physics and chemistry and bioengineering as well as the fundamental notions for the development and characterization of engineered constructs for engineering and tissue regeneration

The course focuses on the opportunities that nanotechnologies offer in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In particular, surface modifications of scaffolds and smart systems for release of active release systems of active agents are discussed

232 / 5.000 Risultati della traduzione The course is aimed at providing essential information on the science of biomaterials and devices for tissue regeneration and regenerative medicine. The course includes notions of physics and chemistry and bioengineering

Characteristics and potential of using advanced 3D tissue models for in vitro studies. Use of advanced platforms (bioreactors, organ-on-chip, 3D printing) for in vitro studies.

The course will investigate state-of-the-art applications of the biotechnology field to medicine will a focus on drug development. This course will provide students with a background in modern biotechnology techniques for work in the biotechnology field or further graduate studies.

The course integrates Pharmacology with Biotechnological applications. It will focus mainly on the rational bases for the development of target therapies. The course will also analyze relevant molecular and diagnostic properties useful for the preclinical development of new biotech drugs.

1. the epidemiologic relevance of Cancer; the influence of the environment and of the life style. 2. the main histopathologic characteristics of the tumours and their classification 3. the molecular alterations responsible for the malignant behaviour of tumour cells (loss of proliferative control; resistance to apoptosis; invasiveness; altered metabolism of glucose, aminoacids and fatty acids; altered proteome homeostasis); the role of autophagy and of cell death in cancer 4. the role of genetics and epigenetics in cancer development and progression; the genetic defects that predispose to cancer; genome (chromosomal translocation) alterations and gene mutations (oncogenes, oncosuppressors) associated with cancer 5. the origin and phenotypic characteristics of Cancer Stem Cells; the genetic and metabolic re-programming leading to cancer 6. the mechanisms of metastasis formation; the role of proteolytic enzymes 7. the inter-relationship between tumour cells and the tumour stroma, with particular regard to the role of cancer associated fibroblasts and of ruolo delle mutazioni genomiche, genetiche e epigenetiche; le alterazioni del metabolismo (glicidico, aminoacidico e lipidico) della cellula tumorale; le basi molecolari e metaboliche della cachessia neoplastica; nuovi approcci diagnostici e terapeutici. Il punteggio massimo è 30 + Laude / 30. NOTA: 1. il punteggio finale è concordato tra i due docenti dei moduli A e B, tenuto conto delle valutazioni complessive; 2. se solo uno dei due moduli (A o B) non è superato, lo studente deve ripetere l'esame per entrambi i moduli (A e B) in una nuova sessione. Per accedere all'esame lo studente deve aver compilato il form di valutazione del docente. Programma esteso Le malattie neoplastiche: definizioni e terminologia, classificazione e derivazione istogenetica. Epidemiologia. Eziologia multifattoriale. Fattori di rischio di natura chimica, fisica e biologica. Cancerogeni chimici. Radiazioni e tumori. Virus oncogeni. Storia naturale delle neoplasie. La cancerogenesi come processo multifasico. Ormoni nella cancerogenesi. Stile di vita (alimentazioni, obesità, abitudini voluttuarie) e cancro. Eventi genetici ed epigenetici nella cancerogenesi. STROMA E CANCRO. Ruolo del processo infiammatorio. Ipossia. Angiogenesi nelle neoplasie. Accrescimento infiltrativo/invasivo dei tumori maligni (adesione-motilità). Le metastasi (proteasi). Transizione epitelio-mesenchima. CANCRO E OSPITE La progressione neoplastica. Effetti sistemici del tumore sull’ospite: la cachessia neoplastica. Immunità e Cancro. ONCOLOGIA CELLULARE E MOLECOLARE Le Telomerasi e Cancro, MicroRNAs e Cancro, La Riparazione del DNA e Cancro. Determinanti molecolari della trasformazione neoplastica: oncogeni e geni oncosoppressori. METABOLISMO DELLA CELLULA NEOPLASTICA Alterazioni del metabolismo glicidico nelle cellule neoplastiche (l’effetto Warburg e la proliferazione cellulare). Alterazioni del turnover proteico: Ubiquitina, autofagia e cancro. CICLO CELLULARE – PROLIFERAZIONE – MORTE CELLULARE apoptosi, senescenza cellulare e ‘dormancy’ . La cellula staminale tumorale. Meccanismi di chemio resistenza Le terapie antineoplastiche:convenzionali, molecolari. Risultati di apprendimento attesi Conoscere le cause e i meccanismi di cancerogenesi e di progressione tumorale. Saper interpretare, discutere e presentare i risultati sperimentali di laboratorio o presenti in letteratura specificamente volti alla descrizione e comprensione della trasformazione neoplastica e del comportamento delle cellule tumorali. immune cells; 8. the molecular and patho-physiological mechanisms responsible for the cachexia syndrome. 9. the current techniques for Diagnosis (imaging, biomarkers) and the therapeutic treatments available (chemical chemotherapy, biomolecular therapy). 10. Novel therapeutic approach (epigenetics); novel paradigms for carcinogenesis (microbioma);

The course will deal with the molecular pathology of the main haematological malignancies, especially by analysing the topics relevant for the profession of Medical Biotechnologist. During the course, self-evaluation exercises will also be proposed, as well as additional material for in-depth study and group presentations on topics of particular interest.

the principle of Cell and Gene Therapy Stem cells Gene transfer by viral and non viral vectors

Review of general topics of Molecular Biology relevant to the understanding of the course. Chromatin Remodeling: Histone Modifications, DNA methylation Structural classes of transcription factors (Myc, Fos) Epigenetic definition: epigenetic diseases and epigenetic therapies. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. P53 function in normal and tumoral cells. MDM2 as an oncogene. pRb function. Heterogeneity of tumors, stochastic and hierarchical theories, properties of cancer stem cells, their isolation, asymmetric and symmetric divisions. Signaling Pathways activated in cancer stem cells, therapeutic implications of cancer stem cells. Reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) into oocytes. Fusion between somatic and pluripotent cells and ectopic expression of defined transcription factors. Sheep cloned by nuclear transfer (Dolly sheep). Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells); Yamanaka papers; reprogramming by transcription factors; causes of low reprogramming efficiency. Parallelisms between epigenetic reprogramming and cancer. Therapeutic use of iPS Cells and embryonic stem cells.

Human Genome Project. Structure and Evolution of the Human Genome. Methods of studying monogenic and multifactorial diseases. Analysis of genomic rearrangements by CGH array. Next Generation Sequencing Techniques (NGS). Genomic imprintig. Methods for studying epigenetic variations in the Human genome.

After a quick review of gene structure in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, the issue of gene expression regulation will be presented. The first part of the course will deal with prokaryotes gene expression and its regulation. A series of examples will illustrate the possibility of engineering promoters and genes for biotechnological purposes. The second part of the course will deal with the eukaryotes gene expression and the multiple levels of its regulation. Issues: 1) chromatin organization and structure, 2) transcription factor function, 3) pre-initiation complex, 4) transcription termination, 5) RNA stability and 6) RNA translation. The third part of the course will deal with the mechanisms by which extracellular signals and intracellular cues regulates gene expression in eukaryotes. A particular emphasis will be placed on the alterations of gene expression in cancer and on the regulation of gene expression in function of nutrients and metabolic status of the cell. Basic molecular biochemical and biological techniques will also be presented.

The course aims to provide to the students basic knowledge about the functioning of the immune system, inflammation, immune response against infectious agents and the causes and pathogenesis of human diseases. This course is designed not only for graduate students (bachelor) that are expected to have successfully completed basic immunology course(s), but also for students that come in contact with immunology for the first time.